What is indicated by the AGM-158 designation?

The AGM-158 designation specifically refers to an air-to-surface stand-off missile, known as the Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile (JASSM). This missile is designed for use by aircraft to engage and destroy ground targets at significant distances from the launch platform, thereby allowing for standoff capabilities. This characteristic is essential for reducing the exposure of the launching aircraft to enemy air defenses.

The JASSM is known for its precision and long-range capabilities, which allow it to be used effectively against hardened or high-value targets while remaining outside the range of most defensive systems. The designation "AGM" signifies an air-to-ground missile, reinforcing its intended use in striking ground targets from an aerial perspective.

In contrast to other options, a short-range missile would not align with the long-range capability of the AGM-158, a tactical air-to-air missile pertains to engagements between aircraft rather than ground targets, and a cruise missile for naval applications does not apply since the AGM-158 is specifically designed for air-launched operations from bombers and fighters. Thus, the choice that accurately describes the AGM-158 is its role as an air-to-surface stand-off missile.