What is an example of a limiting factor in planning?

A limiting factor in planning is any element that restricts the options available for effectively executing a mission. Weather conditions that inhibit transport serve as a clear example of such a limiting factor. Adverse weather affects visibility, accessibility, and overall safety, impacting the ability to move personnel and equipment efficiently. For instance, heavy rain, snow, or strong winds can delay flights and hinder ground transportation, leading to potential mission setbacks.

In contrast, having excess resources, available aircraft suited for all cargo types, and lower transportation costs would actually enhance operational flexibility and capability, thereby supporting mission effectiveness rather than limiting it. Thus, weather conditions undeniably represent a constraint that must be considered in planning scenarios, making it the correct choice for this question.